Breast cancer is a challenging and often frightening diagnosis for anyone, but when it occurs during pregnancy, the complexity and emotional impact are significantly heightened.

Understanding Breast Cancer:

Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. These cells can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Breast cancer is classified into several types based on where it begins in the breast and the characteristics of the cancer cells.

Breast Cancer during Pregnancy:

Breast cancer during pregnancy is rare, affecting about 1 in every 3,000 pregnancies. However, its rarity does not diminish its seriousness. When breast cancer is diagnosed during pregnancy, it is often referred to as pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC).

Why Breast Cancer During Pregnancy Can Be More Aggressive?

There are several reasons why breast cancer during pregnancy can be more aggressive:

1 Delayed Diagnosis: Many symptoms of breast cancer, such as breast lumps or changes in breast

texture, are similar to normal changes that occur during pregnancy. This similarity can lead to

delays in diagnosis, allowing the cancer more time to grow and spread.

2 Hormonal Influence: Pregnancy causes significant hormonal changes, particularly increases in

estrogen and progesterone. Some types of breast cancer are hormone receptor-positive,

meaning they grow in response to these hormones. The increased hormone levels during

pregnancy can potentially fuel the growth of hormone-sensitive breast cancer cells.

3 Immune System Changes: During pregnancy, a woman’s immune system undergoes changes to

support the developing fetus. These changes might reduce the body's ability to recognize and

fight cancer cells effectively.

4 Limited Diagnostic Options: Certain diagnostic tools, such as some imaging techniques and

biopsies, may be used less frequently or differently during pregnancy to protect the fetus. This

limitation can make it harder to diagnose breast cancer accurately and promptly.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer during Pregnancy:

The symptoms of breast cancer during pregnancy are similar to those in non-pregnant women and can

include:

• A lump or mass in the breast
• Changes in breast size or shape
• Dimpling or puckering of the skin on the breast
• Nipple discharge that is not breast milk
• Redness or scaliness of the nipple or breast skin

Diagnosing Breast Cancer during Pregnancy:

Early diagnosis is crucial for managing breast cancer effectively. If a pregnant woman notices any

unusual changes in her breasts, she should consult her healthcare provider immediately. Here are some

common methods used to diagnose breast cancer during pregnancy:

1 Clinical Breast Exam: A healthcare provider will examine the breasts for lumps or other changes

2 Ultrasound: This imaging technique uses sound waves to create pictures of the breast tissue. It

is safe for both the mother and the baby and can help distinguish between solid masses and

fluid-filled cysts.

3 Mammography: Mammograms are X-ray images of the breast. They can be performed during

pregnancy with proper shielding to protect the fetus from radiation exposure.

4 Biopsy: If a suspicious area is found, a biopsy may be performed to remove a small sample of

tissue for examination under a microscope. This procedure can confirm whether the tissue is

cancerous.

Treatment Options for Breast Cancer During Pregnancy:

The treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy depends on several factors, including the stage of the

cancer, the gestational age of the pregnancy, and the overall health of the mother. Treatment plans are

designed to balance the need to effectively treat the cancer while minimizing risks to the developing

baby. Common treatment options include:

1 Surgery: Surgical options such as lumpectomy (removal of the tumor and some surrounding

tissue) or mastectomy (removal of one or both breasts) can be performed during pregnancy.

Surgery is generally considered safe at any stage of pregnancy.

2 Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells and is usually avoided during the

first trimester due to the risk of birth defects. However, certain chemotherapy drugs can be

safely administered during the second and third trimesters.

3 Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy is typically postponed until after childbirth, as it can harm

the developing baby.

4 Hormone Therapy and Targeted Therapy: These treatments are often avoided during

pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus.

Emotional and Psychological Support:

A diagnosis of breast cancer during pregnancy can be emotionally overwhelming for the mother and her

family. The combination of dealing with cancer and preparing for the arrival of a new baby can be

incredibly stressful. Emotional and psychological support is essential and can include:

1 Counseling and Therapy: Professional counselors or therapists can help women and their

families navigate the emotional challenges of a cancer diagnosis during pregnancy.

2 Support Groups: Joining a support group of other women who have faced similar situations can

provide valuable emotional support and practical advice.

3 Family and Friends: Leaning on family and friends for support can help alleviate some of the

emotional burdens.

4 Healthcare Team: The healthcare team, including oncologists, obstetricians, and nurses, can

offer support and guidance throughout the treatment process.

Prognosis and Outcomes:

The prognosis for breast cancer during pregnancy depends on various factors, including the stage and

type of cancer, the timing of the diagnosis, and the treatment plan. Early detection and appropriate

treatment are crucial for improving outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

In many cases, women with breast cancer during pregnancy can successfully undergo treatment and

deliver healthy babies. However, the aggressiveness of the cancer and the complexities of managing

treatment during pregnancy can make it a challenging journey.

Breast cancer during pregnancy is a rare but serious condition that requires prompt attention and

specialized care. Its aggressiveness can be attributed to delayed diagnosis, hormonal changes, and the

unique challenges of managing cancer treatment during pregnancy. Early detection and a carefully

tailored treatment plan are essential for the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Dr. Shona Nag is renowned as one of the best oncologists in Pune and is highly regarded as a leading

breast cancer specialist in the city. With extensive experience in the field of oncology, Dr. Nag provides

comprehensive care for breast cancer patients, offering advanced diagnostic, therapeutic, and

supportive services. Her expertise in managing complex cases and her commitment to personalized

treatment plans have earned her a reputation as a top cancer specialist in Pune. Dr. Nag is known for

her compassionate approach and dedication to improving patient outcomes, making her a sought-after

choice for those seeking expert care in breast cancer and other oncological conditions.